Improvement in the art of finishing yarns



G. HASTINGS. Finishing Yarns.

No. 214,658. Patented April 2211879.

WITNESSES Y r INVENTOR: ZM4 I Mm WWW ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

CHARLES HASTINGS, OF BRADFORD, ENGLAND.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No.

2314 658, dated April 22, 1879; application filed July 3, 1878; patented in England, September 6, 1877.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES HASTINGS, spinner,of Bradford, in the county of York, England, have invented Improvements in the Art of Finishing Yarns made of Wool and other fibrous substances, and do hereby declare 'ithe nature of my improvements to be as folows:

The object of my invention is to so treat yarns of wool or of soft hairsuch as camels hair, mohair, and alpaca, or yarns composed of mixtures of one or more of thesewith wool as to give them additional strength, and otherwise improve their quality as respects smoothness, evenness, and luster, and this at a con- :lliBI'fiblG reduction of cost in their manufacure.

The mode in general use for smoothing and finishing yarns of this class, commonly called genapping, may be shortly described as follows: The bobbins of yarn, as taken from the twist-frame, are reeled ofi into banks preparaiory to boiling, which operation of boiling is intended to set, or partially set, the yarn. The reels filled with hanks of yarn are immersed in a pan of lukewarm suds. They are then immersed in a pan of boiling suds, and in some cases there is a third immersion, the heat of the suds being graduated from tepid to boiling. The hanks are then stripped from their reels, scoured, and wrung out by squeezing-rollers, afte which they are hung up in a dryingroom, a (1 when dry they are wound upon bobbins, to prepare them for the gassing or sin gein gprocess. When this process is completed the yarn is again reeled and washed on the reel, to remove the singein gs, after which it is rinsed in cold water and then plunged into boiling water to complete the set of the yarn. The yarn is then dried upon the reel, and the banks when dry are taken off and made up into bundles.

Theinvention consists in drawing previouslygassed yarn from the bobbins through a suds to wash of the ashes; next, through pressurerolls, to perforated bobbins; then in boiling the yarn on the bobbins to set the twist; then in winding, rinsing, and boiling it on the reel and, finally, in rotating it in the air and dryin g it under tension, as hereinafter more par; ticularly described.

I A machine employed by me in carrying my process into effect is shown in the accompanying drawings in partial sectional sideclevation at Figure 1, and in elevation at Fig. 2. The gearing for giving motion to the. working Fig. 3. v

A A is the framing of the machine, fitted with a row of upper and lower squeezing-rollers B B, which are driven at a regulated speed. Below these rollers, and in front of the framing A, is a trough, 0, extending from end to end of the scouring-frame, which trough is intended to contain suds or other suitable scouring-liquor, which is maintained at alukewarni temperature by a steam-pipe introduced into the liquor. Projecting from the inner face of this trough is a row of pins, which are intended to receive the bobbins carrying the gassed yarn that is to be secured. The position of these bobbins is shown at D.. The yarn from these bobbins is led up, through guides E E, to the several pairs of squeezing-rollers B B, andthence to take-up bobbins F, which are mounted .on live spindles G, driven by bands from the drum H on the main driving-shaft I. These bobbins F are driven by frictional contact with the spindles in order to take up the yarn as it is delivered from the squeezing-rollers B B, the distribution of the yarn over the bobbins being effected by a traversing bar, K, furnished at its front edge with a glass rod, to prevent injury to the ,yarn from friction. The bobbins D, filled with the gassed or singed yarn, are immersed in the scouring-liquor, and as the several ends are drawn therefrom they will pass up singly out of the liquor and through the guides to the squeezing-rollers, leaving behind them the greater part, if not the whole, of the singeings. The action of the squeezingrollers will be to express the liquor from the yarn in a uniform manner and deliver it to the bobbins F in a comparatively clean state.

It may be here remarked that if the pressure of the upper squeezing-rollers, is carefully regulated, any ridgy appearance in the yarn resulting from unequal tension or unequal thickness in the doubled strands will be to a great extent removed. The bobbins of scoured yarn when removed from the machine are parts of the machine is shown in elevation at piled up on skewers set in a framing and immersed in boiling suds, whereby the set of the yarn is to a great extent efiected. The bobbins are pierced, in order to facilitate the penetrationof the suds into the mass of the yarn.

The time required for insuring the set will depend upon the hardness of the twist and the size of the yarn. A little experience will enable the operatorto judge of the time required; but it is preferable to determine the time requisite by previously testing the difl'erent qualities of yarn brought under treatment. From three to five minutes will in general sufiice; but some kinds of yarn will require longer time. The next operation is to wind ofi the yarn onto reels, and thereby'to prepare it for the rinsing and a further boiling process similar to that at present in use. The subsequent treatment of the yarn is also similar to the old plan. Thus the yarn, while on the reel and wet from the boiling process, is rapidly rotated to discharge the moisture by centrifugal. ac tion, and the reel is then carried to the drying-room, where the yarn is dried at tension The hanks are then removed and made up as usual for the market.

I have found by experiment that the first boiling, so far as the cleansing of the yarn is concerned, is rendered useless by the subsequent gassing operation, which loads the yarn with minute particles of ash, and, further, that the setting of the yarn is effectually performed subsequently to the gassing. This renders the first reeling, setting, scouring, drying, and winding of the old process unnecessary.

Having now set forth the nature of my invention of improvements in finishing yarns made of wool and other fibrous substances, and explained the manner of carrying the same into efi'ect, I wish it to be understood that I claim- The herein-described process of finishing previously-gassed yarn, that consists in drawing the gassed fiber from the bobbins through a suds that washes 05 the ashes, and then through pressure-rolls to perforated bobbins, then boiling the yarn in a suds on the bobbins to set the twist, then winding, rinsing, and boiling it on the reel, and finally rotating it in the air, and then drying the same under tension, as set forth.

CHARLES HASTINGS.

Witnesses:

ToM Prr'rs, JOHN WAUGH. 

